德何以立:论民国新闻记者职业道德实践的困境与振拔

On the Dilemma and Deliverance of Journalistic Ethics in Republican China

继承中国传统儒家伦理,借鉴西方现代职业道德,民国新闻业形成一种个人品性新闻职业道德。这种职业道德对记者品性提出极为高远严格的要求,甚至将记者个人品性优劣当作评判其新闻道德与职业活动高下的标尺,充满了泛道德主义以及儒家传统道德精神的色彩。但是,记者的道德实践是个人意志在工作情景、新闻惯习、政治制度和社会文化的互动结构中动态抉择的结果。新闻理念上的道德绝对主义与新闻实践中的道德相对主义,使记者在面对道德困境时虽然有清晰的衡量标准,但没有切实的实现手段,在权衡与抉择的过程中充满矛盾,引发普遍的焦虑。

Inheriting from the traditional Confucian Ethics,embracing the western modern journalism ethics,a character-centered journalism ethics was born in Republican China.This sort of ethics established high and rigorous moral standards for the journalists,and furthermore,valued the journalists’character so highly that it was used to assess journalists’professional ethics and performance.Struggling with the moral dilemmas in professional performance,journalists had a set of ideal codes of ethics,but lacked any practical tools to resolve these moral problems,which made them suffer anxiety and agony.