环境新闻的话语修辞:以中国环境状况公报为基准点的三角对比

The Rhetoric of Environmental News Discourse:A Triangular Comparison Based on China’s Environmental Bulletin

传统媒体与新媒体对环境议题的报道框架存在差异已是共识,但更为重要的是究竟何者更接近真实环境状况。《中国环境状况公报》以国家环境监测网的数据为主,是反映中国年度环境状况的公开报告,相对接近环境真实状况。本文以2014—2018年《中国环境状况公报》为基准点,以2014年7月22日(澎湃新闻成立)至2018年12月31日,《人民日报》与澎湃新闻的环境报道为研究对象,通过内容分析和话语分析,利用Ibarra和Kitsuse提出的四个话语修辞维度归纳了两家媒体关于环境议题的五种"诠释包裹"。研究发现:《人民日报》与现实环境状况重合率较高,即"事实再现";澎湃新闻覆盖面低,侧重于热点的追踪报道,即"热点追逐"。基于新媒体在环境报道中的特点,传统媒体注重公众话语、拓展传播渠道、重视科学认称等有助于实现环境传播的媒体合力。

It has been agreed that traditional media and new media have different reporting frameworks on environmental issues,but more important is which is closer to the real environment conditions.China’s Environment Bulletin is a public report reflecting China’s annual state of the environment,based on the data of the National Environmental Monitoring Network.It is relatively close to the real state of the environment.This paper takes China’s Environmental Bulletin(2014-2018)as a realistic benchmark and takes the environmental news of People’s Daily and The Paper from July 22,2014(the date of establishment of The Paper)to December 31,2018 as the research object.Through content analysis and discourse analysis,five interpretive packages of environmental issues of the two media are summarized by using the four discourse rhetoric dimensions proposed by Ibarra and Kitsuse.According to the research,reports by the People’s Daily have a high coincidence rate with the real environment conditions,which means"revealing realities",while The Paper has a low coverage and focuses on hot spots.Which means"chasing hot spots".Based on the characteristics of new media in environmental reporting,traditional media should pay attention to public discourse,expand communication channels,and attach importance to scientific recognition,which may be conducive to realize the synergy of traditional media and new media in environmental communication.