银杏叶中功能因子及提取工艺研究进展

Research progress on functional components and extraction technology of ginkgo leaf

银杏叶含有多种功能活性因子,包括黄酮类化合物、内酯化合物、聚戊烯醇类脂、酚酸等,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑癌、抑菌杀菌等作用。这些活性因子均可以通过溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法、超临界流体萃取法等方式提取。从提取率、纯度、提取方法的可行性以及对环境的影响等方面综合考虑,超声提取法在提取银杏叶总黄酮方面有着较好的工业应用前景,内酯化合物和聚戊烯醇类脂的最佳提取工艺均为溶剂提取法,酚酸化合物的最佳提取工艺为微波辅助提取法。

Ginkgo biloba leaves contain flavonoids,ginkgolides,polypentenol lipids,ginkgolic acid and other biologically active functional components,which has antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-cancer,antibacterial and sterilization effects.They can be extracted by solvent with ultrasonic-assisted,and supercritical fluid,etc.From the comprehensive consideration of extraction rate,purity of product,and impact on the environment,the beneficial method is ultrasonic-assisted extraction for total flavonoids,solvent extraction for ginkgolides compounds and polypentenol lipids and microwave-assisted extraction for phenolic acid compounds.