房价、户籍制度与城市生产率

Housing Price,Household Registration System and Urban Productivity

本文构建了纳入制度效用折损和住房供给的一般均衡模型,分析住房价格和户籍制度影响城市生产率的机理,并采用中国城市数据进行反事实检验。研究发现:降低户籍限制和房价均让城市生产率得到不同程度的提升,户籍制度改革和房价调控将显著降低要素错配;户籍制度和房价的要素错配效应具有明显的城市异质性,减缓户籍限制对500万人口以上大城市的生产率提升最高,200万人口以下小城市幅度最低;房价控制对不同规模城市生产率的扭曲表现为"中间大,两头小"现象。

A general equilibrium model considering institutional utility losses and housing supply is developed and the mechanism of labor misallocation under the influence of housing price and household registration system is analyzed.Findings of the anti-factual test based on Chinese urban data between 2000 and 2013 are as follows:(1)Reducing the limitations of household registration and the price of urban house will raise urban productivity to varying degrees.Promoting the reform of the household registration system and the regulation of housing price will significantly reduce labor misallocation;(2)The labor misallocation affected by household registration and housing price has obvious urban heterogeneity.The increasing productivity brought by the reducing limitations of household registration is highest in the metropolis over 5 million people while lowest in small cities with the population less than 2 million.The distortion of housing price control to the productivity of cities of different sizes is“big in the middle,small at both ends”.