“成熟型社会”构建下的日本国土形成规划及启示

Japanese Land Formation Plan under the“Mature Society”and Its Lessons

日本国土规划历经近70年的系列实施与演变,基本实现了国土空间发展的整体均衡有序。在对已有研究进行梳理的基础上,简要回顾和评析日本以量化扩展和开发为导向的前五次全国综合开发规划(1962—2008年,简称“全综”),对以成熟型社会构建为导向的日本国土形成规划(2008—2015年)进行深入研究,分析其规划制定背景与战略目标、内容体系以及实施成效。为应对国内经济社会转型及国民价值观转变的时代挑战,日本基于完善的国土法律保障体系,以缔造“成熟型社会”的新国土形象为目标,从全国和广域地方双层面制定国土形成规划,并应用以数据为支撑的监测系统保障规划实施成效。最后批判性借鉴日本国土形成规划的实践经验,结合我国国土空间规划现状提出经验和启示,以期对国土健康可持续开发提供借鉴。

After nearly 70 years of implementation and evolution,Japan's national land use planning has basically achieved an overall balanced and orderly development.On the basis of combing the existing research,Japan's top five national comprehensive development plans(1962—2008),which are guided by quantitative expansion and development,are briefly reviewed and evaluated.In-depth study of the Japanese land formation plan(2008—2015)based on the mature society as well as analysis of its planning background and strategic objectives,content system and implementation effectiveness are carried out.In order to cope with the transformation of domestic economic,social and national values,Japan is based on a sound national legal security system,with the goal of creating a new national image of"mature society",formulating national land formation plans from both national and wide-area localities,and applies the data-supported monitoring system to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the plan.Finally,the author comments on Japanese and Chinese experiences to provide reference for the sustainable development of China's land planning.