颍州“张龙公”信仰兴衰探析

On the Rise and Fall of the Belief in Zhang Long Gong in Yingzhou Region

“张龙公”信仰是颍州地区产生的地方信仰,民间传说将当地人张路斯神话成龙,在自然环境因素的影响下,借由地方官员利用职务进行推动和文人士大夫诗词文章广泛传播。“张龙公”信仰在北宋时繁盛一时,南宋之后由于战乱、天灾的影响,颍州经济、文化遭到破坏,也不再具备唐宋时期的重要地位,“张龙公”信仰难以维持。明清时期淮河流域自然灾害频发,但“张龙公”信仰只固定在颍州及周边几县,地方社会丰富着这一时期“张龙公”神话的内容,社会力量也参与到信仰的延续之中,“张龙公”信仰同时也影响着地方文化与历史记忆。但明清时期信仰兴衰受到“灵验”性的影响,并难以再向外传播。

The belief in"Zhang Long Gong"is a local belief that arose in the Yingzhou area.The folklore mythologizes the local man Zhang Lusi as a dragon,and under the influence of natural environmental factors,the belief was disseminated by local officials through the use of their positions and literary scholars with poetry and writings.The belief in Zhang Long Gong flourished during the Northern Song Dynasty.But after the Southern Song Dynasty,due to the impact of war and natural disasters,the economy and culture of Yingzhou were destroyed,and the belief no longer had the important status as in the Tang and Song Dynasties.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,natural disasters were frequent in the Huaihe River basin,but the belief was only fixed in Yingzhou and the surrounding counties.The local society enriched the content of Zhang Long Gong myth during this period.Social forces were involved in the continuation of the belief,and the belief also influenced local culture and historical memory.However,the belief during the Ming and Qing dynasties was influenced by"validity"and spreading the belief to the outside became difficult.