试论墨家的理性精神及其对数学教育的启示

On Mohism’s Rational Spirit and Its Enlightenment to Mathematics Education

理性精神是引领人们求真求实的指导思想,是社会和科技进步的不竭动力.墨家学说曾被尘封于历史长河当中,其内容丰富而精深,涵盖了数学、物理学、自然观、认识论、逻辑学等多个范畴,是中国古代反映理性精神的杰出代表,墨家的观点和行为为理性精神的诠释提供了一种范式.数学教育的根本在于培养学习者的理性精神,墨学素朴的抽象概念与逻辑知识为此奠定了深厚的历史基础.在当下的数学教育背景下,墨学的直接教学启示在于:培育深度思考能力、重视逻辑推理、学用结合等.

The rational spirit is the guiding ideology that leads people to seek truth and reality, and the inexhaustible motive force of social and scientific and technological progress. Mohism was once buried in the long course of history. Its content was rich and profound, covering multiple categories such as mathematics, physics, view of nature, epistemology, logic, etc. It was an outstanding representative of reflecting the rational spirit in ancient China. Mohism’s views and actions provide a paradigm for the interpretation of rational spirit. The fundamental of mathematics education lies in the cultivation of learners’ rational spirit, for which the simple abstract concepts and logical knowledge of Mohism have laid a profound historical foundation. Under the current mathematics education background, the direct teaching enlightenment of Mohism lies in: cultivating the ability of deep thinking, attaching importance to logical reasoning, combining learning with application, etc.