基于学术史的民国时期数学学习心理研究

A Historical Review of Psychological Research on Mathematics Learning in the Period of the Republic of China

清末民国初期西方心理学著作逐渐被引入中国,西方数学心理学研究成果也随之被引进,中国数学教育研究者们在学习和吸收的基础上开展了数学学习心理学的研究,主要内容包括算术学习心理、代数学习心理、几何学习心理3个方面.四则运算是算术学习的主要部分,练习的形式和时间分配影响算术学习的效率.算术是经验抽象,代数是表记抽象,在一些问题中,代数方法比算术方法更为简便,表现出的代数能力较为明显.当时的研究者们认为几何学习需要心理过程复杂程度高于代数和算术.

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China,western psychology works were gradually introduced into China.Following this,the results of western mathematical psychology research were introduced into China during the Republic of China.Chinese mathematics education researchers carried out research on mathematical learning psychology based on learning and absorption.This research consists of three categories:arithmetic learning psychology,algebraic learning psychology,and geometric learning psychology.Four operations are the main part of arithmetic learning.The form and time allocation of exercises affect the efficiency of arithmetic learning.Arithmetic is empirical abstraction,and algebra is descriptive abstraction.In some problems,the algebraic method is simpler than the arithmetic method,and students have shown high algebraic ability.During the period of the Republic of China,researchers believed that geometric learning required more complex psychological processes than algebra and arithmetic.