一种轻质电动林业单轨车的设计

Design of lightweight electric forestry monorail vehicle

为构建丘陵地区林果快速集运系统,降低运输成本和鲜果褐变几率,实现节能减排、顺应车辆轻量化发展趋势,设计了一种基于摩擦驱动的轻质电动林业单轨车。该单轨车兼容轮毂电机直接驱动和调隙转向装置,省去了变速箱、离合器等装置,配装72V20Ah的锂电池供电,使得单轨车车体结构简单轻巧,轨道不需设置齿条,使得轨道部署方便且节约成本,在车体转弯时车轮受到轨道的压力能自由调节间隙。根据所设计的单轨车结构,建立车体转弯的接触模型,分析车体动力学模型和ADAMS仿真模型以验证该设计方案。结合设计参数及仿真试验结果研制样机,所得样机中单轨车车体质量减少50.54%、轨道质量减少22.46%。试验得出样机能通过20°坡道和最小转弯半径6 m的弯道,并通过电机自带的适配器将电机限速至30%和线性调速部件组合控制行驶速度在0.5~1.5 m/s范围内,提高了单轨车的运行效率。本研究所设计的轻质电动林业单轨车为实现丘陵山区的快速运输提供了技术装备支持,为后续自巡航无人遥感电动单轨车研制奠定了基础。

With the continuous development of economic forestry in China,the tree-planting area has increased and the forestry industrial scale has also became larger.Due to the rugged terrain factors and nonstandard construction of forest areas,it is difficult for wheeled vehicles to pass through and transport fertilizers,pesticides and fruits,while the monorail car can realize the flexible transportation by setting a monorail track.In order to build a fast transportation system in hilly areas,reduce transportation costs,realize energy conservation and emission reduction,and comply with the development trend of using lightweight vehicles,a lightweight electric forestry monorail vehicle was designed based on friction drive principle.The car body was compatible with the wheel motor direct drive and gap adjustment steering device,gearbox and clutch was removed in this design.It equipped with lithium battery power supply of 72V20Ah,without additional rack arrangement for the track,which made the track deployment convenient and cost-effective,and can adjust the clearance freely under the pressure of the track when turning.According to the structure of the monorail vehicle,the contact model of the car body turning was established,the dynamic model of the car body was analyzed,and the ADAMS simulation analysis was carried out to verify the design scheme.A prototype was developed based on the design parameters and simulation test results,the mass of the monorail car body was reduced by 50.54%,and the mass of the track was reduced by 22.46%.The experimental results showed that the prototype could pass through a 20°ramp and a curve with a minimum turning radius of 6 m,and could control the driving speed in the range of 0.5-1.5 m/s through the adapter of the motor and linear speed control components,which improved the operational efficiency of monorail vehicle.The monorail car designed in this study could solve the problems of the exis-ting monorail car,such as the difficult track installation and high cost of track installation,the high quality of the whole vehicle,the serious wear of the track,the disturbance of residents,and environmental pollution during operation.The light-weight electric forestry monorail vehicle developed in this research provided technical equipment supports for the rapid transportation in hilly and mountainous areas,and paved the way for the subsequent self cruise unmanned remote sensing electric monorail vehicle.