我国教师组织承诺变迁的横断历史元分析:2005-2019

A Cross-sectional Historical Meta-analysis of the Changes of Teachers’Organizational Commitment in China from 2005 to 2019

关于教师组织承诺,以往研究大多采用横截面数据分析其前因与后效,而教师对学校的组织承诺水平呈现出何种变化趋势尚待考察。基于社会交换理论,采用横断历史研究方法,对2005—2019年156篇独立研究样本的元分析发现:(1)教师情感承诺与年代显著正相关,但持续承诺、规范承诺的年代效应并不显著;(2)社会宏观环境因素对教师组织承诺水平的影响同样不容忽视,财政性教育经费占GDP比重与情感承诺显著正相关,城镇登记失业率与情感承诺显著负相关,持续承诺、规范承诺与社会因素的相关性并不显著;(3)求人倍率比城镇登记失业率与组织承诺各维度的关系更紧密。对此建议相关管理部门关注财政教育投入的结构以提升教师的组织承诺感;在失业率水平较高或求人倍率较低时,要更加关注教师群体并实施相关保障举措。

Most of the previous studies utilize cross-sectional data to analyze the antecedents and aftereffects of teachers’organizational commitment,but the changing trend of teachers’organizational commitment to schools remains to be investigated.Based on the social exchange theory,a meta-analysis of 156 independent research samples from 2005 to 2019 has been made by using the cross-sectional historical research method,it finds that teachers’affective commitment is significantly positively correlated with the age,but the age effect of continuance commitment and normative commitment is not significant;that the impact of social macro-environmental factors on the level of teachers’organizational commitment can not be ignored,and the proportion of financial education funds in GDP is significantly positively correlated with affective commitment,the registered urban unemployment rate is significantly negatively correlated with affective commitment,and the correlation between continuance commitment,normative commitment and social factors is not significant;and that the supply-demand ratio is more closely related to organizational commitment than the registered urban unemployment rate.Therefore,it suggests that the relevant administrative departments should focus attention on the structure of financial investment in education in order to enhance teachers’sense of organizational commitment,and pay more attention to the teacher group and implement relevant safeguard measures when the unemployment rate is high or the supply-demand ratio is low.