新能源汽车动力电池系统故障诊断研究综述

Overview of Fault Diagnosis in New Energy Vehicle Power Battery System

随着新能源汽车保有量的增加,新能源汽车安全问题日益突出,严重威胁着驾乘人员的生命财产安全,制约了新能源汽车产业发展。动力电池问题是新能源汽车着火事故发生的主要原因(占着火事故60%以上),发展先进的动力电池系统故障诊断技术已成为新能源汽车安全防护领域的热点。为填补该领域最新中文综述的空白,基于动力电池系统故障发生位置的差异,将故障分类为内部故障和外部故障,描述过充电、过放电、外部短路、内部短路、过热、热失控、传感器故障、连接件故障、冷却系统故障的失效机理。从内部故障和外部故障两个角度出发,总结锂离子动力电池的基于知识、模型、数据驱动三类故障诊断方法的研究现状与最新进展。讨论当前动力电池系统故障诊断技术研究中存在的主要问题,提出电池故障诊断技术的未来发展趋势,以期实现动力电池系统故障的准确诊断和早期防控,提高新能源汽车安全性,保障驾乘人员生命财产安全,推动新能源汽车产业进一步发展。

To achieve significant fuel consumption and carbon emission reductions, new energy vehicles have become a transport development trend throughout the world. However, new energy vehicle safety issues are increasingly prominent with the increase of new energy vehicle, which seriously threatens the life and property of drivers, and restricts the development of new energy vehicles industry. According to statistics, 60% of fire accidents in new energy vehicles are caused by power batteries. The development of advanced fault diagnosis technology for power battery system has become a hot spot in the field of safety protection. In order to fill the gap in the latest Chinese review, the faults of power battery system are classified into internal faults and external faults based on the difference of fault location, and the failure mechanisms of over-charge, over-discharge, external short circuit, internal short circuit, sensor fault, connector fault and cooling system fault are described. From the perspectives of internal faults and external faults, the research status and latest progress of three types of fault diagnosis methods are summarized including knowledge-based, model-based and data driven for lithium-ion power batteries. The main problems in the current research and future development on power battery fault diagnosis technology are discussed. In this way, accurate diagnosis and early prevention of power battery system faults can be realized, the life and property safety of drivers can be guaranteed, and the safety and the further development of the new energy vehicle can be promoted.