中置轴列车行驶稳定性分析

Analysis of Running Stability of Train with Center Axle

针对中置轴列车行驶过程中出现的失稳现象,建立中置轴列车的数学模型和动力学仿真模型。在70km/h和50km/h的行驶速度下对阶跃工况、蛇形工况和双移线工况下的侧向加速度、侧倾角和横摆角速度进行了仿真分析,并进行阶跃工况和双移线工况下的行驶稳定性试验。仿真与试验结果表明,相同速度下牵引车的最大侧倾角大于挂车;挂车的最大侧向加速度和最大横摆角速度均大于牵引车,挂车存在明显的尾部放大效应,行驶速度越快,动力学参数放大效应越明显;中置轴列车行驶过程中后方挂车各动力学参数响应较牵引车时间上存在明显的延迟,列车行驶速度越快,挂车响应延迟时间越短,稳定性越低,侧翻风险越大;相同行驶速度下牵引车和挂车最大侧向加速度、最大侧倾角和最大横摆角速度均出现在双移线工况下,双移线行驶工况下中置轴列车稳定性较低,侧翻风险更高。

The mathematical model and dynamic simulation model of the center axle train are established in view of the instability phenomenon in the running process of the center axle train. At the speed of 70 km/h and 50 km/h, the lateral acceleration, roll angle and yaw rate under step condition, serpentine condition and double line shifting condition are simulated and analysed, and the driving stability tests under step condition and double lane change condition are carried out. The results of simulation and experiment show that: At the same speed, the maximum roll angle of tractor is greater than that of trailer;The maximum lateral acceleration and yaw rate of the trailer are greater than that of the tractor, and there is obvious tail amplification effect of the trailer. The faster the driving speed is, the more obvious the amplification effect of dynamic parameters is;The response time of the rear trailer is obviously delayed than that of the tractor, The faster the train speed, the shorter the response delay time of the trailer, the lower the stability and the greater the rollover risk. At the same time, it is found that the maximum lateral acceleration, the maximum roll angle and the maximum yaw rate of the tractor and trailer occur under the condition of double lane change, and the stability of the train is lower and the risk of rollover is higher under the condition of double lane shifting.