特殊润湿性油水分离材料的研究进展

Research progress of oil water separation materials with special wettability

频繁发生的溢油事故使得生态环境受到严重的危害,特殊润湿性材料因具有对油水两相润湿性不同的特点被广泛应用于油水分离领域,具有高效的分离效果。对特殊润湿性油水分离材料的制备方法进行了简单介绍。根据除油方式的不同将其分为过滤型、吸附型及可选择性分离的智能型材料,并详细介绍了过滤型材料的各种基材包括金属网、纺织物、聚合物膜等,吸附型材料的各种基材如沙子、海绵、泡沫、气凝胶等。最后对该领域的发展进行了展望,指出特殊润湿性油水分离材料必定向绿色、自修复、多功能响应方向发展。

Frequent oil spill accidents have seriously harmed the ecological environment. Special wettability materials have been widely used in the field of oil-water separation due to their different wettability to oil-water two phases. Firstly, the preparation methods of special wetting oil-water separation materials are briefly introduced. Secondly, special wetting oil-water separation materials can be divided into filter-type, adsorption-type and selective separation intelligent materials according to the different ways of oil removal. Then, various substrates of filter-type materials, including metal mesh, textiles, polymer membranes and various substrates of adsorption-type materials such as sand, sponge, foam, and aerogel are introduced in detail. Finally, the development trend of this field is prospected. It is pointed out that special wetting oil-water separation materials must be directed towards green, self-healing and multi-functional response.