“民法典”时代独立担保物权的制度空间

The Institutional Space of Non-accessory Security Rights in the Era of Civil Code

从德国的土地债务到欧洲抵押权,无不显示着独立性担保物权降低交易费用、便利融资以及推动担保市场的良性配置等独特优势。独立性是从属性的演进形态,独立担保物权本就属于担保物权的权能构成部分,因此我国有必要为其寻求制度安排。我国的独立担保物权规则构建,从创设、流转、实现再到涂销,其关键在于通过担保合同和配套规则设计,实现流转和风险平衡。随着未来独立担保物权实践的出现,其规则适用要注重和现有制度在形式和实质上的有机衔接。基于制度成本以及规范效用考虑,通过出台司法解释规定独立担保物权制度是相对合理的方案。

From German land charge to Eurohypothec,all show the unique charm of non-accessory security rights:reducing transaction costs,facilitating financing,and promoting the benign allocation of the security market.Non-accessory is the evolution form of accessory,and non-accessory security rights are inherently part of the capabilities of security real rights.The construction of non-accessory security rights rules,from creation,circulation,realization and cancellation,the key lies in the design of contracts and related rules to achieve a balance of interests between circulation and risks.Based on our country’s actual legal system,the best way to realize non-accessory security rights is judicial interpretation.In the future,with the emergence of the practice of non-accessory security rights,its legal application should focus on the organic connection with the existing system in form and substance.Based on the consideration of system cost and normative effect,it is relatively reasonable to provide non-accessory security rights system through judicial interpretation.