法国铁路改革及运营管理探析

Research on SNCF Reform and Its Operational Management

国外铁路经过多年的改革创新探索及实践,形成了适应本国国情、独具特色的铁路运营管理模式。为助力我国铁路运营管理高质量发展,以法国国营铁路股份有限责任公司为例,在阐述法国铁路改革历程、组织机构改革和市场化改革基础上,从基础设施板块、客运板块和货运板块等方面,剖析新冠疫情影响下法国铁路运营管理,提出法国铁路改革及运营管理启示,即:减轻企业债务负担是企业市场化发展的基础;多样化客运产品提升客运市场竞争力;多元化业务模式提升企业韧性;国际化经营拓展企业核心竞争力。

After years of reform and innovation,overseas railways have built a unique model of operational management,which is adapted to their national conditions.To facilitate high-quality operational management for China’s railways,this paper took the SociétéNationale des Chemins de fer Français(SNCF,French National Railway Group)as an example to analyze its course of market-oriented and structural reform.From the perspectives of infrastructure as well as passenger and freight transportation,it studied the operational management of SNCF under the influence of COVID-19 and gave enlightenment on SNCF reform and operational management.Specifically,reducing the debt burden on enterprises is the basis for their market-oriented development;diversified passenger transportation products can enhance the market competitiveness;diversified business models can improve enterprise resilience;international operation can expand the core competitiveness of enterprises.