江西大禾谷资源的籼粳分化与品质分析

Indica-Japonica Differentiation and Quality Analysis of Dahegu Rice Resources in Jiangxi Province

江西大禾谷资源丰富,品质特异,深受欢迎,但遗传研究与品质改良均未见报道,株型急需改良。本研究利用SNP标记对弋阳大禾谷进行遗传分析,快速黏度分析仪(RVA,rapid visio analyser)进行品质测定。结果显示,40对SNP引物对20份材料检测出82个等位基因,其中大禾谷具有籼型基因等位频率在0.025~0.100之间,属粳稻类型。大禾谷的RVA黏度性状是稻米成熟的一个积累过程,而直链淀粉含量(AC,amylose content)则在稻米成熟前就已定型。RVA参数与一些理化性状密切关联,尤其是米粒长可以负反应崩解值;整精米率和AC含量是主基因性状;与偏软型栽培稻相比,峰值时间是判断大禾谷的一个关键参数。通过SNP和RVA分析,选出了品质接近、性状互补的优良粳稻亲本,如农局Ⅲ号(麻壳)最软,麻壳谷棉花大(扁)品质最稳定,农科所白壳大是育种中的优选长粒资源,皖垦粳11036是大禾谷株型改良的优选材料。上述结果将促进大禾谷的遗传改良。

Dahegu rice resources in Jiangxi province are rich and are favorable for their special quality.No genetic study and quality improvement of Dahegu rice have been reported,and the plant architecture is in need of improvement.In this study,SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)markers were used to analyze the genetic characteristics of Dahegu rice varieties from Yiyang,and rapid visio analyser(RVA)was used for quality determination.The results showed that 40 pairs of SNP primers detected 82 alleles in 20 materials,among which Dahegu rice varieties had indica frequency between 0.025 and 0.100,and were determined to be of japonica rice type.The viscosity of Dahegu rice grain was an accumulation process through grain maturation,whereas the amylose content(AC)was fixed before grain maturation.RVA parameters were closely related to physicochemical properties,and especially the rice grain length was negatively correlated with breakdown value.Pure milled rice grain rate and amylose content were the major gene traits.Compared with soft cultivated rice,the peak time was a key parameter to judge Dahegu rice.Through the screening analysis of the SNP and the viscosity,excellent japonica parents with similar quality and complementary traits were selected,such as brown glume NongjuⅢwith the softest grain texture,brown-glume Mianhuada with the most stable quality,long-grained Nongkesuo Baikeda as a favorable breeding resource,and Wankenjing 11036 as a choice breeding material for improving plant stature of Dahegu rice.These results would provide a guidance for the genetic improvement of Dahegu rice.