城市消防站选址布局优化研究

Optimization for location and layout of urban fire station

应急设施的空间布局事关城市的安全和发展,该文以武汉市某区域为研究区,选取消防站作为典型应急设施进行布局,使用POI、DEM和道路网络等数据,通过SAVEE和AHP等模型识别出消防站用地适宜区和火灾潜在风险区的空间分布,进一步使用应急设施选址模型对消防站进行空间选址。主要研究结论为:(1)消防站适宜性用地评价指标体系能够综合评价消防站选址时需要考虑的各种因素;(2)城市不同类型POI反映出的城市功能空间的火灾风险区存在较大差异;(3)综合考虑前30%的高火灾风险区、重要保护区和POI总体覆盖率相关标准等因素,经多次迭加运算最终需新增12家消防站点,对POI总体覆盖率达99.29%,对前30%的高风险区覆盖率达99.56%,对重要保护区的覆盖率达99.27%,优化后的各指标均有较大的提升,满足研究区应急设施要求。

The spatial layout of emergency facilities is closely related to the safety and development of the city,this paper aims to a certain area of Wuhan,takes the fire station as a typical emergency facility for layout research,based on POI,DEM,road network and other data,the spatial distribution of the suitable area and potential fire risk area are identified by SAVEE and other models,and the location model of emergency facilities is further used for the spatial location of the fire station.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the evaluation indicator system of fire station suitability land can comprehensively evaluate the various factors that need to be considered when the fire station is located.(2)Different types of POI reflect different fire risk areas in urban functional space.(3)Considering the factors such as the first 30%of high fire risk areas,important protected areas and the relevant standards of POI overall coverage,12 fire stations need to be added after multiple superposition operations.The overall coverage rate of POI reaches 99.29%,the coverage rate of the first 30%of high-risk areas reaches99.56%,and the coverage rate of important protected areas reaches 99.27%.The optimized indexes have been greatly improved to meet the requirements of emergency facilities in the research area.