经济治理现代化与产业政策转型

On Modernization of Economic Governance and Transformation of Industrial Policy

党的十九届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》,明确提出了我国推进经济治理体系和治理能力现代化的基本方向,即必须坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度,加快完善社会主义市场经济体制。中国经济体制改革的主线和核心问题一直是处理好政府和市场关系,而产业政策则是政府和市场关系的集中体现。因此,推进经济治理体系和治理能力现代化,不仅增强了推进产业政策转型的紧迫性,而且也为这种转型明确了基本方向,即产业政策需要符合政府与市场关系的新定位,需要全面贯彻新发展理念和推动经济高质量发展,需要助推建设更高水平开放型经济和参与国际竞争。按照上述要求,中国产业政策需要从以下三个方面进行深入系统地转型:一是明确产业政策功能定位,使产业政策聚焦解决市场失灵所引起的资源配置问题;二是转变产业政策实施方式,实现产业政策向以完善产业发展环境为主转变;三是推进产业政策手段转型,实现产业政策手段向市场友好型方向转变。

“Decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues in Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capability”adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly points out the basic direction for China to modernize economic governance system and governance capabilities,which is upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system,and accelerating the construction of socialist market economic system.The core issue of China’s institutional reform lies in how to properly balance the government and the market,while industrial policy closely reflects the relationship between the government and the market.The modernization of the economic governance system and governance capabilities not only increases the urgency of industrial policy transformation,but also points out the basic direction for its transformation.To make it more clearly,industrial policy should coordinate with the new government-market relationship,put into practice the new development concept,facilitate high-quality economic development,and promote the construction of high-level open economy and international competition.Accordingly,China’s industrial policy needs to undergo an in-depth and systematic transformation.First,the function of industrial policy should be clarified and the number reduced.Industrial policy should focus on solving resource allocation deficiency caused by market failure.Second,the implementation mode of industrial policy should be transformed.Latitudinal policy should be taken as the major industrial policy,while longitudinal policy should target at certain economic practice and industrial policy should be regulated to improve industrial development environment.Third,industrial policy instruments should be changed to a market-friendly style,be innovated and optimized,and communicate information flexibly via different means.