从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴:农民合作社参与贫困治理的回顾与展望

From Poverty Alleviation to Rural Revitalization:Retrospect and Prospect of Farmer Cooperatives'Participation in Poverty Governance

近年来,农民合作社被认为是由农户根据自身发展需要、基于自助和互助原则进行减贫、脱贫活动的理想载体。具体来说,农民合作社的贫困治理作用主要体现为:增加贫困农户收入;促进贫困农户实现自主脱贫;完善贫困治理体系等。随着脱贫攻坚工作取得胜利,全国扶贫事业进入“后扶贫时代”,工作重点逐步转向乡村振兴。要进一步巩固农村贫困治理成效,农民合作社还面临一些困境亟须克服,如合作社治贫意识不足、内部精英俘获现象严重、政府合作社与低收入农户之间共赢机制尚未形成等等。基于此,有必要积极提升农民合作社内部治理能力,发挥农民合作社带领农户致富的经济组织功能以及拓展农民合作社参与乡村治理的社会服务功能,助推农民合作社将脱贫攻坚前期经验与乡村振兴战略有效衔接,以使农民合作社在“后扶贫时代”的贫困治理中继续贡献力量。

In recent years,farmers'cooperatives have been regarded as an ideal carrier for poverty reduction activities carried out by farmers according to their own development needs and based on the principle of self-help and mutual assistance.Specifically,the role of farmers'cooperatives in poverty governance is mainly reflected in the following aspects:increasing the income of poor farmers;helping poor rural house-holds lift themselves out of poverty and improving the poverty governance system.With the success of poverty alleviation,China has entered a"post-poverty alleviation era",and the focus of it has gradually shifted to rural revitalization.To further consolidate the effectiveness of rural poverty governance,farmers'cooperatives still face some urgent difficulties to overcome,such as the lack of awareness of poverty reduction in cooperatives,the serious phenomenon of internal elite capture,and the lack of a win-win mechanism between government,cooperatives and low-income farmers.Based on this,it is necessary to actively improve the internal governance capacity of farmers'cooperatives,make it play the role of economic organization leading farmers to become rich,and expand its social service function of participating in rural governance,so as to help farmers'cooperatives effectively connect the previous experience of poverty alleviation with the rural revitalization strategy,making farmers cooperatives continue to contribute in the"postpoverty alleviation era".