抗战前后盐井河航道的整治及其成效

The Improvement and Effect of Yanjing River Channel before and after the Anti-Japanese War

盐井河是四川自贡盐场井盐外运的唯一航道,河道虽短,但其井盐运输枢纽的地位、作用和战略意义却极大。晚清至抗战爆发前,此河的显著特征是航道狭窄、滩险林立,其时主要是新增或培修传统的石堰、木板堰,逐段储水行船。全面抗战爆发后,海盐生产和运输严重受阻,原食淮盐的湘鄂各省严重缺盐,自贡井盐“增产赶运”,运销湖北、湖南、贵州、云南、四川等地,成为战时的重要战略物资。因未彻底整治前的盐井河航道运效极低,为促进自贡井盐外运,1938年起川康盐务管理局对该航道进行调查勘测,后通过分段修筑新式堰闸,使其水位提升、滩险消除,运效大增。盐井河的盐运水利建设为川盐在战时的“赶运”和自贡井盐工业区的物资流通提供了重要的运输保障,并有力支援了全面抗战取得胜利。

The Yanjing River is the only waterway for exporting well salt from the Zigong salt fields in Sichuan.Although the river is short,the status,role and strategic significance of its well salt transportation hub are great.From the late Qing Dynasty to before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the salient features of this river were narrow navigation channels and dangerous beaches.At that time,traditional stone weirs and plank weirs were newly added or repaired.Water of the river was stored and ships were sailed step by step.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the production and transportation of sea salt was severely hindered.The provinces of Hunan and Hubei where Huai salt was originally consumed were severely short of salt.With the policy of"increased salt production and rushed for transportation",Zigong’s well salt was transported and sold to Hubei,Hunan,Guizhou,Yunnan and Sichuan,thus became an important strategic material in wartime.Due to the extremely low transport efficiency of the Yanjing River channel before thorough renovation,in order to promote the export of Zigong salt,the Chuankang Salt Administration Bureau conducted surveys on the channel since 1938 and later built new weir gates in sections to raise the water level.In a result,beach hazards were eliminated and transportation efficiency was greatly increased.The construction of salt transportation and water conservancy in the Yanjing River provided an important transportation guarantee for Sichuan Salt's"rush transportation"during the war and the material circulation of the Zigong Well Salt Industrial Zone and it strongly supported the victory of the all-round war of resistance.