我国研究生教育对区域创新的溢出效应研究

Analysis on the Spillover Effect of Chinese Postgraduate Education on the Regional Innovation

研究生教育作为最高层次的国民教育,对于区域经济社会发展尤其是区域创新起着重要作用。研究生教育发展水平主要体现在研究生现有每年授予学位人数(培养规模)和区域劳动力人口中研究生学历人数占比(累计规模),衡量区域创新水平采用单位面积的发明专利授权数,以此分析研究生教育与区域创新的关系。研究发现,研究生教育的培养规模和累计规模的溢出辐射效应的空间特征均在300公里附近达到峰值。从研究生教育的培养规模来看,在380公里处达到峰值,峰值为0.184,1000公里以内倒U型特征明显,1000公里以外溢出效应再次增大。从研究生教育的累计规模对区域创新的作用看,在260公里处达到峰值,峰值为354.9,260公里以外逐渐降低。研究发现,研究生教育对于区域创新存在显著作用,但研究生教育与区域经济及创新也存在协调性问题,如果研究生教育培养能力超出当地经济发展需求,研究生毕业生除了在当地就业之外,就会外流到经济发达地区,故1000公里之外存在正相关。

To analyze the relationship between postgraduate education and regional innovation,studies usually measure the development level of postgraduate education with the current number of graduate students awarded annually(the scale of training)and the proportion of workers with a postgraduate degree in the regional labor force(cumulative scale).The regional innovation level is measured by the number of invention patents per square kilometers.This study found that the effects of spatial characteristics of the scale of graduate education and the cumulative scale of spillover radiation both reach their peaks around 300 kilometers from the university.From the perspective of the scale of graduate education,it reaches a peak at 380 kilometers,with a peak value of 0.184.The inverted U-shaped feature is prominent within 1000 kilometers,and the spillover effect increases again beyond 1000 kilometers.Judging from the effect of the cumulative scale of graduate education on regional innovation,it reaches a peak at 260 kilometers,with a peak value of 354.9,and gradually decreases beyond 260 kilometers.The study found that postgraduate education has a significant role in regional innovation,but there are also coordination problems between postgraduate education and regional economy and innovation.If the cultivation capacity of postgraduate education exceeds the needs of local economic development,postgraduate graduates will not only work locally,but will also leave to the economically developed areas.That is the reason why there is a positive correlation beyond 1,000 kilometers.