长时间水下模拟运载对作业能力影响的实验研究

Influence of simulating long-time underwater transport on job performance:an experimental study

目的研究长时间水下模拟运载后潜水员作业能力的变化及规律。方法在水舱内模拟长时间水下运载环境,利用工效学测试工具分别测定包括注意力、记忆力、情绪调控能力、思维能力、视觉反应能力、触觉反应能力及手动作业能力在不同水下运载时间(0.5、1、2、3、4、5 h)后的变化。结果长时间水下模拟运载后,上述测试的作业能力均出现不同程度的下降。在模拟运载<3 h,作业能力下降并不明显;在模拟运载≥3 h后,作业能力明显下降且呈加速下降的趋势,与模拟运载0.5 h相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论长时间水下模拟运载潜水员的作业能力呈进行性下降,其中水下3 h运载为当前运载条件下的极限。

Objective To study the changes of divers’job performance after simulating long-time underwater transport.Methods The long-time underwater transport environment was simulated in the water cabin.The changes of attention,memory,and abilities of emotional regulation,thinking,visual response,tactile response and manual operation were measured at different time points(0.5,1,2,3,4 and 5 h)with ergonomic tools.Results After stimulating long-time underwater transport,the job performance indexes tested above were all decreased to varying degrees.The overall descent was not obvious within the first 3 h,while it was significantly decreased and showed an accelerated downward trend after simulating long-time underwater transport for 3 h and more,showing significant difference when compared with 0.5 h of simulating long-time underwater transport(all P<0.01).Conclusion Job performance is gradually decreased in divers during simulating long-time underwater transport,and 3-h underwater transport is the limit for current conditions.