战场心理急救:6C模型及应用进展

Combat psychological first aid:the Six Cs model and application

军人在执行危险任务时会经历急性应激反应并伴随短暂的功能受损,这不仅危害整个团队的安全,还容易导致战斗任务失败。然而,从事战斗应激控制的心理卫生分队距离战斗任务现场尚有距离,难以在第一时间提供心理援助。为了填补这一空缺,以色列军队开发了只有5个步骤的干预(YaHaLOM),适用于普通士兵在战斗现场对伤员进行即时的心理救援。YaHaLOM是建立在6C模型的基础上,6C模型强调激发伤员的认知交流,以及将伤员无助被动的感觉转变为主动有效应对的感觉。YaHaLOM具备操作简单、明确和培训成本低等优势,其有效性也得到了初步验证,对我军的战斗应激控制具有一定的启示作用。

Military personnel in high-risk mission may experience acute stress reaction and temporary functional damage,which not only endangers the safety of the whole team,but also easily leads to the failure of combat mission.However,the mental health team engaged in combat stress control is far away from the combat mission scene,so it is challenging to provide immediate psychological first aid(PFA).To address this gap,the Israel Defense Forces developed a 5-step intervention(YaHaLOM),which allows ordinary soldiers to provide immediate PFA to the wounded at the scene of combat missions.YaHaLOM is based on the Six Cs(6Cs)model,which stimulate the cognitive communication and shifting the sense of helplessness and passivity to a sense of active and effective functioning among the wounded.YaHaLOM has the advantages of simple and straightforward operation and low training cost,and its effectiveness has also been preliminarily verified,which has a particular enlightening effect on combat stress control of our army.