公园特征及与水域距离对其夏季温湿效应影响研究——以苏州工业园区为例

Study on the Influence of Park Characteristics and Distance from the Water Area on Summer Temperature and Humidity Effect: A Case Study of Suzhou Industrial Park

中国城市化进程不断推进,城市热岛效应负面影响越来越大。城市地区的夏季高温影响着居民健康和舒适性[1]。已有研究表明,城市公园绿地能有效缓解夏季城市热岛效应。以苏州工业园区9个不同公园为研究对象,实地观测每个公园下垫面因子和其特征因子,即下垫面组成比例、周长、面积、周长面积比、形状指数、分维数、郁闭度、绿地率和与水域距离,分析它们对微气候效应的影响。结果表明:水域覆盖率对公园的降温增湿作用正相关性最显著,其对公园降温增湿作用贡献最大。公园的周长面积比与其降温增湿作用负相关性最显著,公园的面积与其降温增湿作用的正相关性最显著,公园的周长面积比对其降温增湿作用贡献最大。公园特征因子和其与水域距离因子可以解释公园大约69.7%的降温作用,可以解释公园大约79.4%的增湿作用。

With the development of urbanization in China, the negative impact of urban heat island effect is growing. The summer high temperature in urban areas affects the health and comfort of residents. Previous studies have shown that urban park green space can effectively alleviate the urban heat island effect in summer. In this study, nine different parks in Suzhou Industrial Park were selected as the research objects. The under-laying surface and characterization factors of each park, including perimeter area ratio, perimeter, area, shape index, fractal dimension, canopy density, green space ratio, composition ratio of underlying surface and distance from lake, were observed and analyzed. The results show that the water area coverage rate has the most significant positive correlation with the cooling and humidifying effect of the park, and it has the largest contribution to the cooling and humidifying effect of the park. The perimeter area ratio of the park has the most significant negative correlation with its cooling and humidifying effect, and the park area has the most significant positive correlation with its cooling and humidifying effect. The perimeter area ratio of the park has the greatest contribution to its cooling and humidifying effect. The characterization factors of the park and the distance from the lake can account for 69.7% of the cooling effect and 79.4% of the humidification effect.