南通地区高温作业人员心血管系统情况的调查研究

Investigation and research on the cardiovascular system of high-temperature exposed workers in Nantong area

目的调查南通地区高温作业人员的心血管系统情况,探讨高温作业对人体心血管系统的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至12月南通地区进行职业健康体检的高温作业(焊机、喷涂、锅炉、污水处理等高温作业)工人565名为高温组,选取同期相匹配的596名非高温作业岗位的工人为对照组。分析两组人员的一般资料、血压和心电图异常情况。结果高温组血压异常率为21.24%,高于对照组的12.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高温组心电图异常率为16.46%,高于对照组的10.23%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高温组各工龄段亚组的血压和心电图异常率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高温对职业工人的心血管系统损害是确实可信的,且随着劳动作业时间的增长损害会不断地加深,所以要加强医疗职业预防宣教工作、定期对高温作业的工人进行体检;同时提高高温劳动者的自我保健意识。

Objective To investigate the cardiovascular system in high-temperature exposed workers in Nantong area,and to explore the influence of high-temperature work on the human cardiovascular system.Methods A total of 565 high-temperature exposed workers including welding,spraying,burning boilers,and sewage treatment in Nantong area for occupational health examinations from January to December 2020 were retrospectively selected as the high-temperature group,and 596 matching non-high-temperature exposed workers during the same period were selected as the control group.The general data,blood pressure and electrocardiogram(ECG)abnormality of the two groups were analyzed.Results The abnormal rate of blood pressure in the high temperature group was 21.24%,higher than that of in the control group accounting for 12.08%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The abnormal rate of ECG in the high temperature group was 16.46%,which was higher than that in the control group,accounting for 10.23%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The abnormal rates of blood pressure and ECG in the each seniority subgroups of the high temperature group were all higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The damage of high temperature to the cardiovascular system of professional workers is credible,and the damage will continue to worsen with the increase of working hours.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and education of medical occupations and regular physical examinations for workers who work at high temperatures.Meanwhile,improvement of the self-care awareness in high-temperature workers is also of great significance.