鄂温克族生计空间的转变与适应--以吉登嘎查为例

Transformation and Adaptation of Ewenkis’Livelihood Space--Taking Jideng Gacha as an Example

生计空间是人类学空间研究的重要面向,包含“地理-物理”空间、“社会-身份”空间、“文化-价值”空间三个维度。吉登嘎查鄂温克族经历了从森林狩猎到草场畜牧、从猎民到牧民、从单一生计到多元生计的过程,文化价值观念随之发生变化。生计空间转变的原因和动力不仅包括政策因素和生态因素,而且内含当地人的能动性因素以及对人与自然关系的认识。这种转变过程具有不可逆性,给当地人带来诸多方面的适应问题。因此,在全球化和现代化愈加剧烈的当代社会,吉登嘎查鄂温克族的生计空间既迎来新的机遇,也面临新的挑战。

Livelihood space is an important facet of anthropological spatial research,which includes three dimensions:geographical-physical space,social-identity space and cultural-value space.At the same time,cul-tural values change as the Jideng Gacha’s Ewenki experiences the process from forest hunting to pasture herd-ing,from hunters to herdsmen,from single livelihood to multiple livelihood.The reason and motive force of this transformation include not only policy factors and ecological factors,but also local dynamic factors and their un-derstanding of the relationship between human and nature.This process of transformation is an irreversible pro-cess,resulting in many-sided adaptive problems.Therefore,In a modern society where globalization and mod-ernization are becoming more and more intense,the livelihood space of the Jideng Gacha’s Ewenki has ushered in new opportunities as well as new challenges.