旅游景区拥挤的时空格局与优化调控

Time-space Pattern Evolution and Optimal Regulation of Scenic Crowding

客流拥挤是制约旅游景区可持续发展的难点。运用多种空间计量方法,从空间关联视角探讨景区拥挤的时空格局及其优化调控,结果表明:①景区拥挤的区域差异以东西向为主,经历减—增—减的过程。②景区拥挤以偏向周前期的时序模式为主,南方更为明显,不同类型景区差异显著。③节前拥挤热点零散但迅速壮大,节后单体景区自成冷热极;周前期热点集聚于东南半壁,周后期冷点东进、热点西退;景区拥挤的空间关联先增后减。④拥挤景区的分布前期从华北向西、南扩散,后期稳定在黄河以南。⑤客源结构、目的地竞争、地位与性质等因素驱动景区拥挤的时空变迁。提出培育景区集群体、错峰组合、信息共享与发展全域旅游等对策。

Tourist crowding is a tough obstacle to tourist scenic sustainable development.It was significant to apply spatial econometric techniques and to analyze the time-space dynamics of scenic crowding(SC)and optimal regulation on the National Day Holidays from the angle of spatial association for theoretical deepening and practical guidelines.It finds:①The regional inequality of SC is dominated by the more obvious east-and west-ward fluctuation and changes from weakening to enhancing then weakening again.②The timing pattern of SC is characterized as occurring in the first half of the holiday,the south China accentuates,and varies evidently among different types of scenic areas.③Before the holiday,hot-point clusters are scattered but expand quickly.After the holiday,many single scenic areas tend to be hot or cold cores;on the earlier period of holiday,hot-point clusters are focused on the southeastern China,on the latter,cold points go eastward and the hot points retreat westward,the spatial association of SC first enhances then weakens.④SC spread from the northern China toward western and southern regions,then keep in the southern of Yellow River.⑤Structure of tourist origin place,destination competition,nature and status play key roles in the time-space dynamics of SC.Fostering scenic areas cluster,off-peak assortment,information sharing and developing all-for-one tourism are useful to solve scenic crowding.