基于住宅小区尺度的城市基层医疗点可达性分析

Accessibility Analysis of Urban Primary Medical Centers Based on Residential District Scale

推动基层医疗点在城市中的合理配置,对城市医疗体系建设有重要的意义。以住宅小区为研究单位,基于武汉市主城区的住宅小区和基层医疗点大数据,利用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)网络分析技术和改进的两步移动搜索算法,从城市的不同环区尺度研究城市基层医疗卫生服务中心的可达性与完备性,为加强城市基层医疗卫生服务体系建设提供建议。结果表明:改进的两步移动搜索法较充分地考虑了距离衰减的影响,网络分析技术较合理反映了城市街区的可达性;不同环区基层医疗服务存在不均衡发展,一、二、三环区最近就医车行时间分别是平均17、14、15 min;可达性指数空间差异显著,总体上主城区北部区域基层医疗服务可达性较低。为提高基层医疗服务的公益性,可以考虑在社区卫生服务中心覆盖不到的地区适当增设社区卫生服务站。

It is of great significance for the construction of urban medical system to promote the rational allocation of primary medical points in the city.Based on the big data of residential areas and primary medical points in the main urban area of Wuhan City,this paper studied the accessibility and completeness of urban primary medical and health service center from different ring scales of the city by using geographic information system(GIS)network analysis technology and improved two-step mobile search algorithm,so as to provide reference to strengthen the construction of urban primary medical and health service system for suggestions.The results showed that:the improved two-step mobile search method fully considered the influence of distance attenuation,and the network analysis technology is more reasonable to reflect the accessibility of urban blocks;there was an unbalanced development of primary medical services in different ring areas,and the average travel periods of the first,second and third ring areas were 17,14 and 15 minutes respectively;the spatial difference of accessibility index was significant,and in the whole,it was the main reason the accessibility of primary medical services in the northern part of the city was low.In order to improve the public welfare of primary medical services,we could consider adding community health service stations in areas that could not be covered by community health service centers.