雷蒙德·威廉斯与英国马克思主义文学批评的“细读”经验

Raymond Williams and the Experience of“Close Reading”for British Marxist Literary Criticism

雷蒙德·威廉斯不仅是英国文化研究的开创者,更是推动英国马克思主义文论当代转向的最为重要的理论家。他通过吸收、借鉴和批判F.R.利维斯及其“细察派”的批评方法,不仅超越了利维斯主义的局限,还弥补了英国马克思主义文论的欠缺,发展出了以文学细读为基础的英国马克思主义文化理论。重新发掘这一线索,不仅有助于理解英国马克思主义文学批评的经验及理论建构过程,也能够为中国马克思主义文论的历史回顾与当代发展提供启发。

Raymond Williams is not only the pioneer of British Cultural Studies,but also the most important theorist who promotes the contemporary transformation of British Marxist literary theory.By absorbing and criticizing F.R.Leavis and his“close scrutiny”,Williams not only surpasses the limitation of Leavisism,but also makes up for the deficiency of British Marxist literary theory,and develops the British Marxist cultural theory based on the close reading of literature.Rediscovering this clue will not only help to understand the experience and theoretical construction process of British Marxist literary criticism,but also provide inspiration for the historical review and contemporary development of Chinese Marxist literary theory.