基于纳米材料的电化学适配体传感器在食品重金属检测中的研究进展

Review on Nanomaterial-based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Heavy Metal Detection in Food

重金属是食品和环境中的一类剧毒污染物,易引起食源性疾病,对人体造成不可逆损伤。传统的检测方法耗时长、成本高,因此迫切需要开发食品中重金属的快速检测技术。基于纳米材料的电化学适配体传感器具有快速、高灵敏度、特异性强等优点,在重金属快速检测领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文总结了金属纳米材料(如金纳米粒子)、金属氧化物(Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒)、碳纳米材料(如碳纳米管、石墨烯)等材料的性质,并对基于纳米材料的电化学适配体传感器在重金属(主要是Pb^(2+)、Hg^(2+)、As^(3+)、Cd^(2+))检测中的应用进行了综述,以期为重金属检测相关研究提供参考和启发。

Heavy metal ions are highly toxic contaminants in food and environment,which can easily cause foodborne diseases and irreversible damage to human being.There are several limitations in traditional detection methods for heavy metal ions such as time consuming and expensive,so it’s urgent to develop a rapid technology for heavy metal detection in food.Due to their rapid,high sensitivity and specificity,nanomaterial-based electrochemical aptasensors are perspective in real-time detection of heavy metal ions.This paper summarize the characters of metallic nanomaterials(such as gold nanoparticles),metal oxide nanomaterials(such as Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles),and carbon nanomaterials(such as carbon nanotubes and graphene)and then review the application of electrochemical aptasensors based on nanomaterials in heavy metal detection(mainly lead(Ⅱ),mercury(Ⅱ),arsenic(Ⅲ)and cadmium(Ⅱ)),in order to provide inspiration for the development of heavy metal detection methods.