经典作家对待民粹主义的科学态度及其当代价值

Classical Writers′Scientific Attitude Towards Populism andIts Contemporary Value

民粹主义是19世纪60年代末70年代初,在俄国平民知识分子中蔓延的希望依靠农业和农民、而不必经过资本主义大工业和工人运动就可实现社会主义的空想社会主义思潮。马克思主义在肯定民粹主义代表平民利益和追求社会主义进步因素的同时,对其错误观点进行了尖锐批判,并阐明生产力的发展是社会形态变化的根本推动力量,资本主义一切成就和无产阶级革命胜利是俄国村社走向社会主义的必要前提,社会分工和商品经济加速俄国资本主义的演进历程,社会生产的发展和人民群众的历史活动相互促进等。当前,重温马克思主义对待民粹主义的科学态度,具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Populism is the utopian socialist thought of socialism which spread among Russian civilian intellectuals in the late 1960s and early 1970s,relying on agriculture and farmers,without the capitalist big industry and workers′movement.While affirming the factors that populism represents the interests of the common people and the progressive factors of pursuing socialism,Marxism criticizes its wrong views,and expounds that the development of productivity is the fundamental driving force of social form change.All positive achievements of capitalism and victory of proletarian class revolution are the necessary prerequisite for Russian village society to move towards socialism,the social division and commodity economy accelerate the evolution of Russian capitalism,the development of social production and the mutual promotion of the historical activities of the people.At present,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to revisit the scientific attitude of Marxism towards populism.