喀斯特高原山区灌丛草地昆虫群落多样性研究

Study on insect community diversity of shrub grassland in Karst Plateau Mountainous Area,Guizhou,China

为探讨喀斯特高原山区灌丛草地昆虫群落多样性。本研究于2018年9月-2019年8月使用“Z”字样方网捕法、陷阱法、黄盘诱集法三种相结合的方法对贵州省大方县星宿乡崔苏坝灌丛草地进行昆虫群落多样性的调查,采用单因素分析、线性回归分析、相关性分析探讨了灌丛草地昆虫群落多样性。本研究共获昆虫标本12481号,隶属8目77科,其中蚁科和蚊科为优势类群,分别占总个体数的35.045%和24.950%;从4个功能群昆虫个体数来看,其中杂食性功能群昆虫个体数量最大,占所有功能群昆虫总个体数的60.365%。研究区喀斯特灌丛草地昆虫群落多样性指数消长随着季节的更替而发生变化,其中昆虫物种数与丰富度的最高值和最低值分别出现在8月和1月;个体数最高值和最低值分别出现在5月和1月;均匀度最高值和最低值分别出现在11月和1月;多样性指数最高值与最低值分别出现在6月和1月;而优势度的最高值与最低值出现情况则与多样性指数相反;功能群昆虫中除植食性昆虫的最高值与最低值分别出现在5月和1月外,其余3个昆虫功能群的消长情况与昆虫群落多样性消长情况基本一致。相关性分析结果表明,喀斯特高原山区灌丛草地的环境因子与昆虫群落多样性均有一定的相关性,其中土壤温度、空气温度、植被物种数与之呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。

To study the diversity of insect community in shrub grassland of karst plateau mountain area,three methods(net capture for Z-shaped sample square sampling method,trap method and yellow disk trap method)were used for the investigation in Cuisuba shrub grassland in Xingsu Township,Dafang County,Guizhou Province from September 2018 to August 2019.And single factor analysis,linear regression analysis and correlation analysis were also used to explore the diversity of insect community in the shrub grassland.12394 insect specimens,belonging to 8 orders 77 families,were collected here.Among them,the families of Antidae and Culicidae were the dominant groups,accounting for 35.045%and 24.950%of the total number of individuals,respectively;and among four functional groups,the number of omnivorous functional groups was the largest,accounting for 60.365%of the total number of functional groups of insects.The diversity indices of insect community in karst shrub grassland changed with the change of months,among them,the species number and richness index respectively with the highest and lowest values in August and January,the individual number respectively in May and January,the richness index respectively in November and January,the diversity index respectively in June and January,while dominance index with the results were opposite to the diversity index.Among 4 functional groups of insects,except the highest and lowest values of phytophagous insects respectively appeared in May and January,the other three insect functional groups were similar to that of insect community diversity.And the results of correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between the environmental factors and the diversity of insect of shrub grassland in karst plateau mountainous area.And among them,the soil temperature,air temperature,number of plant species were significantly positively correlated(P<0.01)to diversity of insect community.