围栏封育对亏祖山不同海拔中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

Effects of Enclosure on the Diversity of Soil Meso-and Microfauna in Different Altitudes at the Kuizu Mountain

为了解围栏封育对西藏林周县白朗村亏祖山不同海拔中小型土壤动物多样性的影响,分别于2017年和2018年夏季,在亏祖山围栏内外从海拔3900 m至5100 m各设置13个样点,共26个样点。使用土壤采集器按照梅花五点取样法采集土壤样品,同时记录相应的土壤理化性质。通过改良的Tullgren漏斗法分离后,共收集土壤动物1909只,经鉴定隶属于2门4纲8目25个类群,围栏内共捕获872只,围栏外共捕获1037只,围栏内外优势类群均为棘跳科(Onychiaridae)和绥螨科(Sejidae)。单因素方差分析显示:围栏内外在个体数(n)、类群数(N)、多样性(H)、均匀度(E)和优势度(C)之间均没有显著差异,中小型土壤动物群落特征指标上未显示明显的影响。围栏内外理化因子单因素方差分析显示:铵钛氮和速效钾具有显著性差异(P<0.05),围栏内铵态氮和速效钾含量明显高于围栏外,说明围栏内外样点之间具有一定的环境差异。中小型土壤动物群落特征与环境因子Pearson相关性结果显示,围栏内速效磷(RAP)与优势度指数(C)和物种个体数(n)呈显著的正相关,围栏外中小型土壤动物群落特征和环境因子之间没有显著相关性。

In order to understand the effects of enclosure on the diversity of soil meso-and microfauna at differ⁃ent altitudes in Bailanggou of Kuizu Mountain,Linzhou County,Tibet.Where 26 sampling sites were selected during two summers of 2017-2018,and 13 were located outside and insides of the enclosure respectively,where altitudes was ranging from 3900 m to 5100 m.Soil samples were collected using soil collector of five-point sam⁃pling method of plum blossom,and the corresponding soil physical and chemical properties were recorded at the same time.A total of 1909 soil fauna were collected by the modified Tullgren funnel method,which were identi⁃fied as belonging to 25 groups,8 orders,4 classes,2 phyla.A total of 872 were captured form the inside enclosure and 1037 from outside the enclosure.The dominant taxa inside and outside the enclosure were Onychiaridae and Sejidae.One-way ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences in the number of individuals(n),number of groups(N),diversity index(H),evenness(E)and dominance index(C)between inside and outside the enclosure,and there was no significant effect on the community characteristics of soil meso-and microfauna by the enclosure.One-way ANOVA analysis of physical and chemical factors inside and outside the enclosure showed significant differences in ammonium nitrogen and rapidly available potassium(P<0.05),it was indicating environmental differences between insides and outsides of the enclosure.The contents of ammonium nitrogen and rapidly available potassium within the insides of the enclosure were significantly higher than outsides of the enclosure,and that indicating there were certain differences in environmental condition between the inside and outside of the enclosure.The results of Pearson correlation between the characteristics of soil meso-and microfau⁃na community and environmental factors showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the rap⁃idly available phosphorus(RAP)and the dominance index(C)and the number of individual(n)in insides of the enclosure,while there was no significant correlation between the characteristics of soil meso-and microfauna community and environmental factors at the outsides of the enclosure.