英国安全监管执法检查统计机制借鉴

British enforcement statistics regime on health and safety at work and its reference

安全生产行政执法是政府安全监管的一项主要职能,执法统计是应急管理部门日常执法行为的量化反映。执法统计工作不仅可以监督、促进企业落实安全生产法规,也有助于促进监管机构完善、提升法规的适宜性。中国安全生产行政执法统计制度自2002年起步,2005年开始在全国推广实施,但生产执法检查统计工作在安全监管体系中的作用和效果却鲜有研究;英国是世界上最早开展安全执法检查的国家,具有悠久的监管历史与良好的监管经验。为了有效完善中国执法检查统计机制,本文采用溯源的方法,系统分析了英国执法检查机制的产生背景、执法检查流程和执法检查统计机制;并基于执法检查统计制度的属性、执法过程中对企业风险的裁量以及执法统计指标的设定提出了改善我国安全监管执法检查统计机制的建议。研究结果表明:我国执法检查应避免不同层级执法管辖权限交叉的现象、建立可靠的执法管理模型以确保执法人员规范地行使裁量权以及从风险判定和执法目的角度完善执法统计指标。

Enforcement and inspection are important functions of safety regulation.Statistics of work safety enforcement is a quantitative measurement of daily enforcement and inspection action of regulatory authorities.The statistics can not only oversee and promote enterprises to implement the acts and regulations related to work safety,but also drive the regulatory authorities to improve and perfect the suitability of existing laws and regulations.China initiated statistical system of work safety administrative enforcement in 2002 and implemented the system in 2005,but few research focus on how enforcement statistics regime affects or improves regulatory performance.UK,the first country who set safety inspection regime in the world,is of long history and good performance of enforcement on health and safety at work.Therefore,in order to enhance the statistics regime of enforcement and inspection in China,the approach of traceability is adopted in this paper to analyze the background,process and statistics regime of enforcement and inspection.And some recommendations have been provided based on the properties of statistics regime of enforcement and inspection,the discretion against risks in enterprises during inspection,and the setting of statistics indicators describing enforcement and inspection.The results show that crossed inspections implemented by different level of jurisdictions should be avoided,the reliable enforcement management model should be constructed to provide inspectors with a framework for making consistent enforcement decisions,and inspection statistic indicators should be improved from the perspective of risk and enforcement.