复合磁极磁粒研磨平面机理及试验探究

Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Study of Plane of Compound Magnetic Pole Magnetic Abrasive Lapping

目的探究磁粒研磨中复合磁极磁回路对工件表面质量及表面粗糙度值的影响,解决传统平面磨粒受磁力较小而远离加工区域,从而使表面质量较低的问题。方法对提出的磁极复合磁路法进行研磨机理分析,并通过磨粒在加工中的受力分析,进而分析影响因素。使用等效磁路法,对3种磁路所形成加工区域的磁感应强度进行计算,进而采用Ansoft Maxwell软件对3种磁路的磁场梯度模拟仿真进行对比分析,综合分析、评价影响因素的作用,为试验打下理论基础。最后使用表面粗糙度仪及超景深3D显微镜,对采用不同磁回路研磨前后的工件表面粗糙度值及表面质量进行测量与记录。结果复合磁极磁路中的磁感应强度大于传统研磨加工,具有明显、对称的磁场梯度效果。与传统式研磨相对比,表面粗糙度值从0.10μm降至0.06μm,在表面粗糙度改善率上提升40%,工件表面研磨质量较好。结论复合磁极式磁粒研磨工艺对工件表面的划痕、凹坑、斑点等达到了良好的去除效果,使工件表面平整并具有镜面效果,较传统研磨明显具有质量好、效率高的优点。

The work aims to explore the influence of compound magnetic pole magnetic circuit on the surface quality and surface roughness value of the workpiece in magnetic abrasive lapping and solve the problem that the traditional magnetic abrasive lapping in abrasive particles far away from the processing area due to the smaller magnetic force,which makes the workpiece surface quality is low.Firstly,the lapping mechanism of the composite magnetic pole magnetic circuit method is analyzed,and the influence factors are analyzed through the force analysis of the abrasive particles in the processing.The equivalent magnetic circuit method is used to calculate the magnetic induction intensity of the processing area formed by the three magnetic circuits.And then Ansoft Maxwell software is used to compare and analyze the magnetic gradient simulation of the three magnetic circuits,comprehensively analyze and evaluate the effect of the influencing factors,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the test.Finally,the surface roughness and surface quality of the workpiece before and after lapping with different magnetic circuits were measured and recorded by surface roughness measuring instrument and super deep scene 3D microscope.Compared with traditional lapping,the magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic circuit of composite magnetic pole is larger,and has obvious and symmetrical magnetic field gradient effect.The workpiece surface roughness value is reduced from 0.10μm to 0.06μm,and the improvement rate of surface roughness is increased by 40%.The surface lapping quality of the workpiece is better.The results show that the composite magnetic pole magnetic abrasive finishing process can remove the scratches,pits and spots on the surface of the workpiece,which makes the surface of the workpiece smooth and has mirror effect.Compared with the traditional lapping process,it has obvious advantages of good quality and high efficiency.