清康熙青花博古纹兴盛原因探究

Research on the Reasons of the Prosperity of Blue and White Bogu Pat-terns in Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty

由于晚明金石学的发展,古器鉴藏之风大盛,一时间“博古”炙手可热。明亡清兴,经济恢复,窑火重燃,青花瓷的生产进入黄金时代。清代文人士夫阶层不断壮大,使得具有文人情怀的博古纹再次在瓷器上大量出现,以康熙朝最盛。康熙朝青花博古纹数量大增,多采用浙料绘画,分水明显,故瓷器纹饰上的瓶、鼎、香炉等惟妙惟肖。其常采用开光手法,并多与冰梅纹结合,典雅复古。康熙朝青花博古纹兴盛的原因有五:即文人情怀的抒发;儒学传统的重视;赏花插花爱好的推动;青铜器成为财富象征;彩绘技艺的成熟。

Due to the development of sphragistics in the late Ming Dynasty,the collection of ancient utensils was very popular.In Qing Dynasty,the economy recovered,the kiln fire reignited,and the production of blue and white painted porcelain entered a golden age.Coupled with the growing number of literati class is the massive emergence of“Bogu”pattern containing a sense of scholarly feelings on ceramics.In Kangxi period,the blue and white patterns were painted with Zhejiang materials featured with obvious water separation.Therefore,the bottles,tripods,censers created by Kaiguang style on the porcelain achieved perfection.Combined with plum blossom pattern,they radiated a sense of elegancy and retro.The prosperity of blue and white“Bogu”pat-ternin Kangxi period can be attributed to the following five reasons,namely the expression of litterateurs,the emphasis on tradi-tional Confucianism,the pushing effect from flower appreciation and arranging,the wealth symbolizing of bronze vessels,and the maturity of color painting techniques.