切花菊品种资源表型多样性分析

Analysis on phenotypic diversity of cut chrysanthemum cultivar resources

为了明晰国内切花菊品种资源的表型多样性,以905个切花菊品种(包括234个切花大菊品种和671个切花小菊品种)为材料,对花型、花色和叶型3个质量性状进行统计分析,对株高、茎粗、茎秆强度、节间长度、叶长、叶宽、叶长宽比、叶边缘锯齿数、最低位一级裂刻深度、顶生裂片相对于叶的长度、花径和舌状花数12个数量性状进行变异分析,并对上述表型性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数进行比较。结果表明:切花大菊的花型以莲座型和蜂窝型为主,占比分别为53.0%和19.6%;花色以黄色和白色为主,占比分别为29.9%和22.2%;叶型以长叶和正叶为主,占比分别为41.0%和34.2%。切花小菊的花型以单瓣型和莲座型为主,占比分别为25.9%和20.4%;花色以粉色和黄色为主,占比分别为23.8%和20.0%;叶型以长叶和正叶为主,占比分别为44.0%和20.4%。切花大菊和切花小菊的12个数量性状中,舌状花数的变异系数最大(分别为38.38%和99.93%),叶长宽比的变异系数最小(分别为13.27%和12.56%);并且,除叶长宽比外,其余11个数量性状的变异系数均大于15%。切花大菊和切花小菊12个数量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为1.877~2.103和1.450~2.094,且除切花小菊的舌状花数外,其余数量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较为接近。另外,切花小菊3个质量性状和多数数量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数高于切花大菊。综上所述,切花大菊和切花小菊的表型性状多样性较高,但多数数量性状不稳定;并且,切花小菊多数表型性状的多样性高于切花大菊。

To clarify the phenotypic diversity of cut chrysanthemum cultivar resources,905 cut chrysanthemum cultivars(containing 234 standard cut chrysanthemum cultivars and 671 spray cut chrysanthemum cultivars)were taken as materials,statistical analysis was conducted for 3 qualitative characters of flower type,flower color and leaf type,and variation analysis was conducted for 12 quantitative characters of plant height,stem diameter,stem strength,internode length,leaf length,leaf width,ratio of leaf length to leaf width,serrate number of leaf margin,depth of the lowest bit crack,length of apical lobe relative to leaf,inflorescence diameter and ray floret number,meanwhile,Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of above phenotypic characters were compared.The results show that the flower types of standard cut chrysanthemum are mainly incurve type and pompon type,which account for 53.0%and 19.6%,respectively;the flower colors are mainly yellow and white,which account for 29.9%and 22.2%,respectively;the leaf types are mainly long leaf and normal leaf,which account for 41.0%and 34.2%,respectively.The flower types of spray cut chrysanthemum are mainly single type and incurve type,which account for 25.9%and 20.4%,respectively;the flower colors are mainly pink and yellow,which account for 23.8%and 20.0%,respectively;the leaf types are mainly long leaf and normal leaf,which account for 44.0%and 20.4%,respectively.The coefficients of variation of ray floret number of standard cut chrysanthemum and spray cut chrysanthemum are the greatest(which are 38.38%and 99.93%,respectively)among 12 quantitative characters,and those of ratio of leaf length to leaf width are the smallest(which are 13.27%and 12.56%,respectively);in addition,except for ratio of leaf length to leaf width,the coefficients of variation of other 11 quantitative characters are all greater than 15%.Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of 12 quantitative characters of standard cut chrysanthemum and spray cut chrysanthemum are 1.877-2.103 and 1.450-2.094,respectively,and except for ray floret number of spray cut chrysanthemum,the Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of other quantitative characters are relatively close.Furthermore,Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of 3 qualitative characters and most quantitative characters of spray cut chrysanthemum are higher than those of standard cut chrysanthemum.In conclusion,the diversities of phenotypic characters of standard cut chrysanthemum and spray cut chrysanthemum are relatively high,but most quantitative characters are not stable;in addition,the diversities of most phenotypic characters of spray cut chrysanthemum are higher than those of standard cut chrysanthemum.