古地图地理信息的初步量化研究

A Preliminary Quantitative Study on Geographic Information from Ancient Maps

一般认为中国传统地图的绘制多依赖地物之间的相对位置关系来确定某一地物的位置,这方面的实际研究仍有待深入与量化衡量。文章以表现大同左卫道地区的4幅明代和清初官绘地图为例,借助信息化技术手段,对图上地物的相对位置关系进行批量量化计算,并与实际位置关系进行对比,从而研究图上地物的相对位置关系是否准确反映地物的实际位置关系及其准确程度,进而对运用信息化技术方法研究古地图的可行性进行探讨。总体而言,4种具有官方背景的古地图上地物的相对位置关系与实际情况相符程度较高,反映出地图绘制者对地物的实际位置关系有比较准确的把握。

Although more and deeper quantified researches are needed,it is generally believed that the drawing of ancient Chinese maps mostly relied on the relative positions between ground objects to determine their actual locations.With the help of information technology,taking four maps representing Datongzuowei Circuit during Ming and early Qing Dynasties as an example,batch quantitative calculations on the relative positions of objects appeared on these maps are carried out.Then,these positions are compared with the actual locations to determine whether the objects can be accurately reflected or not.The feasibility of applying information technology to research on ancient maps is also discussed.Generally speaking,the relative positions of objects as appeared on these four official ancient maps are in good alignment with their actual locations.As reflected by these maps,the ancient map makers had an accurate grasp of the actual locations of ground objects.