美国大学学术创业制度保障研究

On the Regulation System of University Academic Entrepreneurship in United States

美国联邦政府、地方政府、大学、社会组织制定的与大学学术创业发展相关性激励制度、约束制度与规范制度共同构成美国大学学术创业制度建设的基本逻辑,这三种制度之间互相作用、相互影响.技术转移、任职与晋升、学术休假、荣誉奖励等促进师生创业的激励制度为师生创业提供了准入机会,是大学学术创业合法化的基础.协调外部经济利益、大学资源利用与科研成果所有权、时间与责任等冲突矛盾的约束制度与传承大学核心价值观的规范制度共同作为一种平衡工具直接影响学术创业的速度、程度与范围,维持学术创业理性发展.

The incentive,restraint and normative systems related to the development of university academic entrepreneurship formulated by the federal and local governments,universities and social organizations constitute the basic logic of academic entrepreneurship system in US universities.At the same time,these three systems influence and interact with each other.Technology transfer,employment and promotion,academic leave,honor awards and other incentive systems provide access opportunities for teachers and students?entrepreneurship,which is the basis for the legalization of university academic entrepreneurship.The constraint system coordinate such conflicts and contradictions as economic interests,the utilization of university resources and the ownership of scientific research achievements,time and responsibility.The normative system inherits the core values of the university.The other two systems together as a balance tool directly affect the speed,degree and scope of academic entrepreneurship,and maintain the rational development of academic entrepreneurship.