认罪认罚从宽制度中的错案风险——以206起认罪错案为考察对象

The Risk of Misjudged Cases in the Leniency System of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment——Take 206 misjudged cases of guilty plea as the object of investigation

认罪认罚从宽是我国司法改革的重要内容,就刑事诉讼的价值而言,效率与公正是这一改革的重要支撑点,但二者间的冲突在改革之初就蕴含着风险。通过对我国以往认罪错案的经验性考察,我们可以分析错案的性质、类型和诱因,对无辜者的认罪进行类型化研究,讨论无辜者认罪可能存在的影响因素,这些工作对揭示我国认罪认罚从宽制度潜藏的风险有所裨益。随着认罪认罚从宽制度的不断发展,过分放大对效率价值的关注可能会导致错案发生的风险,为此,有必要将认罪认罚的庭审重心向自愿性审查倾斜,在认罪认罚具结书以外设置明确的主观审查标准,并在认罪认罚案件的审理中坚持法定证明标准,以确保认罪认罚从宽制度的平稳发展。

The system of leniency for pleading guilty and accepting punishment is an important part of Chinese judicial reform.In terms of the value of criminal procedure,efficiency and justice are the important supporting points of this reform,but the conflict between them implies risks at the beginning of the reform.Through the empirical investigation of the past misjudged cases of guilty plea in our country,we can count the characters,types and causes of misjudged cases,analyze the types of innocent people,and discuss the possible influencing factors of innocent people’s confession,which will be helpful to reveal the hidden risks of leniency for pleading guilty and accepting punishment in China.With the continuous development of the system of leniency for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,excessive attention to the value of efficiency may lead to the risk of frequent misjudged cases.Therefore,in the cases of leniency for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,it is necessary to shift the focus of the trial to voluntary review,set clear subjective review criteria beyond the affidavit of guilty plea,and adhere to the legal standard of proof,so as to ensure the stable development of the system of leniency for pleading guilty and accepting punishment.