阿富汗问题与欧亚秩序构建——关于世界大变局的对话

The Afghan Issue and Construction of the Eurasian Order:Dialogue on the World’s Great Changes

美国及其领导的北约在阿富汗进行的战争,以“反恐”为开始,但很快转换为在全球推广美国式“优越制度”的一部分。20年来,阿富汗战争并没有实现制度推广的功效,也没有为阿富汗人民提供稳定的福祉,更没有带来区域和世界的安宁。可以说,通过战争的方式在阿富汗废墟上嫁接西方制度的尝试是一次总体性失败。阿富汗是一个内部充满多样性的国家,很难以西方为模板被“构建”。将阿富汗纳入欧美国家所说的“自由国际秩序”的设想已经破灭,这是美国在阿富汗失败的主要教训。阿富汗问题的另一个启示是,欧亚区域秩序的构建还是一个相当长的过程。现有的北约、欧盟、欧亚经济联盟、上合组织,以及南亚、中东的各类区域组织,都尚难成为整全性的欧亚秩序模式。可能还要通过次区域进程的逐步提升,以及“一带一路”方式的非刚性区域体制构建,强调互联互通、基础设施引领等务实合作,才能够逐步地走向欧亚总体秩序的构建。

The war of the United States and the NATO in Afghanistan was initially motivated by anti-terrorism,but it quickly turned into part of the global promotion of the American-style“superior system”.Actually the Afghan war in the past two decades has neither achieved the effect of system promotion nor provided stable welfare for the Afghan people.Moreover,it has not brought peace to the region or the world,and no long-term stable governance model has been formed either.It could be said that the war in Afghanistan was a total failure of the Western system.Domestically Afghanistan is a country full of diversity and thus it is difficult to be“built”by taking the West as a template.It proved to be just an illusion to incorporate Afghanistan into the so-called“liberal international order”by Europeans and Americans.This is a major lesson from the United States’failure in Afghanistan.Moreover,the Afghanistan issue indicates that the construction of the Eurasian regional order is still a fairly long process.It is still difficult for such organizations as the NATO,the European Union,the Eurasian Economic Union,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,and various regional organizations in South Asia and Middle East to become a comprehensive Eurasian order model.Perhaps only through gradual improvement of the sub-regional process,soft regional system construction via the“Belt and Road”initiative,and pragmatic cooperation in emphasizing interconnection and infrastructure,could we gradually construct a comprehensive Eurasian order.