上海合作组织:发展的20年

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization:Two Decades of Development

上海合作组织是在两个多边协议--"上海五国"成员签署的《关于在边境地区加强军事信任的协定》(1996年)和《关于在边境地区相互裁减军事力量的协定》(1997年)--的基础上建立起来的。这是两份对亚洲大陆而言具有完全创新意义的文件。而上合组织本身也成为政治创新的推动者:2007年签署的《上合成员国长期睦邻友好合作条约》成为欧亚地区第一个此类多边法律文件,它标志着基于"上海精神"原则的上合组织成员国之间的关系,正在形成新的品质。"上海精神"如今与万隆精神、和平共处五项原则等一起,在国际政治语汇体系中稳固地占有一席之地。上合组织不会转变为军事集团,这一点至关重要。上合组织所在地区是经济贸易互利合作的巨大平台,是实施涵盖几乎所有经济部门联合项目的巨大场域。上合组织经受住了新冠病毒的考验--成员国高度团结,积极互助,与其他一些多边组织成员国不同,上合组织各国并没有采取所谓"各尽所能,自己救自己"的做法。总的来说,上合组织几乎在所有领域开展了合作或建立起了联系:科学和技术、贸易和投资、交通、农业、文化和艺术、旅游、健康和体育、青年和妇女交流、展览会、艺术节,等等。上合组织已经成为一个多方位的合作机制,而这是由其宪章即章程确定的。

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)is based on two multilateral agreements,namely,the Agreement on Confidence Building in the Military Field in the Border Area(1996)and the Agreement on Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in Border Areas(1997)signed by members of the Shanghai Five.These are two documents which are completely innovative for the Asian continent.The SCO itself has also become a promoter of political innovation:the Treaty on Long-term Good-Neighborly Friendship and Cooperation between the SCO Member States signed in 2007 became the first such multilateral legal document in the Eurasian region.It marked new qualities of the relationship between member states of the SCO,based on the principle of the“Shanghai Spirit”,are emerging.The“Shanghai Spirit”,together with the“Bandung Spirit”and the principle of peaceful coexistence,is now firmly established within the international political discourse.It is very important that the SCO will not transform into a military bloc.The area where the SCO encompasses is a huge platform for mutually beneficial economic and trade cooperation and also an enormous field for the implementation of joint projects covering almost all economic sectors.The SCO has withstood the test of the COVID-19.Its members are highly united and they actively assist each other.Unlike some other multilateral member states,the SCO countries have not adopted the so-called“everyone do their best and save themselves”approach.In general,the SCO members have cooperated or established contacts in almost all fields,such as science and technology,trade and investment,transportation,agriculture,culture,art,tourism,health care and sports,youth and women exchanges,exhibitions,art festivals.The SCO has already become a multi-faceted cooperation mechanism,which is determined by its charter.