2020年四川省采矿行业职业病危害现状调查

Investigation on Occupational Hazards in Mining Industry of Sichuan Province

目的通过调查了解四川省采矿行业职业病危害的现状,为监管部门有针对性地开展职业病防治工作提供依据。方法于2020-06-10采取随机抽样方法,选取四川省50%的乡镇(街道)作为调查地区,对辖区内采矿企业开展调查。采用χ2检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本次共调查877家采矿企业。大中型采矿企业的职业卫生管理工作开展情况好于小微型企业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);大、中、小、微型企业接触粉尘岗位的超标率分别为6.25%、13.77%、15.84%和20.69%,接触矽尘岗位的超标率分别为8.96%、16.78%、20.90%和26.00%,经卡方检验,中小微型企业接触粉尘和矽尘岗位的超标率高于大型企业(P<0.05);大、中、小、微型企业接触所有职业病危害因素的职业健康检查率分别为77.27%、80.95%、63.47%和41.40%,接触煤尘的职业健康检查率分别为68.69%、84.49%、59.08%和45.11%,接触噪声的职业健康检查率分别为52.20%、64.78%、39.45%和25.59%,大中型企业的职业健康检查率高于小微型企业(P<0.05)。结论四川省采矿业(尤其是小微型采矿企业)的职业病危害仍然较严重,职业卫生管理水平尚需提高。须加强培训和监管,完善职业卫生管理,保护劳动者健康。

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational hazards in mining industry of Sichuan Province in order to provide the basis for the regulatory authorities to carry out the prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods From June to October 2020,50%of the villages and towns(streets)in the province were selected by using a random sampling method,and the mining enterprises within the jurisdiction were investigated.Chi-square tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis,P<0.05 was statistically significant.Results Totally,877 Mining enterprises were investigated.The occupational health management of large and mediumsized mining enterprises was better than that of small and micro enterprises,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The over standard rates of dust exposed posts in large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 6.25%,13.77%,15.84%and 20.69%respectively;the over standard rates of silica exposed posts in large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 8.96%,16.78%,20.90%and 26.00%respectively.The over standard rate of dust and silica exposed posts in small and micro and medium-sized enterprises is higher than that in large enterprises(P<0.05).The rates of health examination in large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 77.27%,80.95%,63.47%and 41.40%respectively;the rates of occupational health examination of coal dust exposure were 68.69%,84.49%,59.08%and 45.11%respectively;the rates of occupational health examination of noise exposure were 52.20%,64.78%,39.45%and 25.59%respectively.The rates of occupational health examination of large and medium-sized enterprises exposed to all occupational hazards,coal dust and noise was significantly higher than that of small and micro enterprises(P<0.05).Conclusion The occupational disease hazards of mining industry in Sichuan province are still serious,especially small and micro mining enterprises,and the level of occupational health management needs to be improved.It is necessary to strengthen training and supervision,improve occupational health management and protect workers′health.