基于容积-黏度测试的喂养方案在老年神经系统疾病伴吞咽障碍患者护理中的应用效果

Application eff ect of feeding program based on volume-viscosity test for nursing of the elderly patients with neurological diseases and dysphagia

目的探讨基于容积-黏度测试的喂养方案在老年神经系统疾病伴吞咽障碍患者护理中的应用效果。方法以入住神经内科经洼田饮水试验评估确定存在吞咽功能障碍的患者为研究对象,其中2018年12月—2019年5月的86例患者作为对照组,2019年6—11月的86例患者作为观察组。对照组予以传统喂养方案,观察组在对照组基础上接受基于容积-黏度测试后针对性喂养手段。比较两组患者管饲饮食实施率与实施时间,疗护期间不良事件发生率与营养状态,患者护理满意度情况。结果观察组患者管饲饮食实施率低于对照组(P<0.05),平均管饲实施持续时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白指标优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针对老年神经系统疾病伴吞咽障碍患者构建基于容积-黏度测试的喂养方案,使胃管置管更为精准,时长更短,吸入性肺炎、误吸等并发症发生风险显著降低,营养状况明显改善,还有效提升患者护理满意度。

Objective To explore the application effect of feeding program based on volume-viscosity test for nursing of the elderly patients with neurological diseases and dysphagia.Methods To select patients who were admitted to the department of neurology and determined to have swallowing dysfunction through the evaluation of the Watian drinking water test as the study objects.Among them,86 patients from December 2018 to May2019 were used as a control group,and 86 patients from June to November 2019 were used as an observation group.The control group was given a traditional feeding program,and the observation group received targeted feeding methods based on the volume-viscosity test on the basis of the control group.The implementation rate and implementation time of tube feeding,the incidence of adverse events and nutritional status during the treatment and nursing period,and the patient’s nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups of patients.Results The rate of tube feeding in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the average duration of tube feeding was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).The hemoglobin and serum albumin indexes of the observation group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).The patient’s nursing satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The establishment of a feeding program based on volume-viscosity testing for elderly patients with neurological diseases with dysphagia can make the gastric tube intubation more accurate and shorter,significantly reduce the risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia and aspiration,and have obvious nutritional status Improvement also effectively enhances patient care satisfaction.