红漆镂雕绣球式庆成灯的制作工艺研究

Research on the Manufacturing Process of Red Lacquer Carving Embroidery Ball TypeQingcheng Lantern

作为清宫祭祀供灯,庆成灯是专门用于年节中供奉先皇、先后的宫灯,具有很高的历.史、文化和艺术价值。本文以一件清代晚期的庆成灯为例,首次通过采用拉曼光谱法、热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用法、液相色谱/质谱联用法等多项分析技术对宫灯各部分的材质进行了研究。结果表明,宫灯以雕花、镂空的木胎为基体,髹漆工艺较为简单,表面红漆层由朱砂、大漆、熟桐油、蜂蜡组成;透明装饰物为绵羊角片,其上彩绘颜料有朱砂、铅白、群青、巴黎绿、普鲁士蓝等,为清代晚期绘制;宫灯穗为桑蚕丝质地,由天然植物染料姜黄染制而成,保存状况良好。研究在文献基础上,采用科技手段,较为全面地分析了庆成灯各部分的制作材质及制作工艺,结果有助于还原庆成灯的制作工艺,为保护修复、年代断定提供了科学依据。

As a sacrificial lantern in the imperial court of the Qing Dynasty,Qingcheng lantern with high value of history,culture and art,was specially used for offering sacrifices to the imperial ancestors in the Spring Festival.In this paper,Qingcheng lantern made in the late Qing Dynasty was taken as an example.The materials of various parts of the palace lantern were studied for the first time by Raman spectroscopy,pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques.The results showed that the palace lantern was based on carved and hollow wooden body and the technique of using lacquer was simple.The red lacquer layer on the surface was composed of cinnabar,lacquer,tung oil and beeswax.The transparent decorations are sheep horn pieces,painted with pigments such as cinnabar,lead white,cyan,Paris green and Prussian blue,which were painted in the late Qing Dynasty.Palace lantern ear which was made from mulberry silk and dyed with the natural plant dye turmeric,was in good condition.On the basis of document,the material and technology of each part of Qingcheng lantern was analyzed comprehensively by scientific and technological means. The results were helpful to restore the manufacturing technology of Qingcheng lantern and provided scientific basis for protection and restoration and dynasties distinguishment.