渭河陕西段流域洪水淹没状况拟合研究

Fitting of Flood Inundation Conditions in Shaanxi Section of Wei River Basin

以渭河陕西段流域为研究区,利用2001年至2018年的水文和气象观测数据,计算出该流域十年一遇、五十年一遇和百年一遇降水量的致洪面雨量,采用水文动力学方法和分布函数,利用地理信息系统技术,拟合出该流域被十年一遇、五十年一遇和百年一遇降水量导致的洪水的淹没深度、淹没范围和淹没面积。研究结果表明,十年一遇降水量导致的洪水淹没的极高风险区(洪水淹没深度大于2.0 m)分布在渭河干流宝鸡段下游、沣河、泾河、石川河下游和渭河下游南山支流流域,其面积为42.92 km^(2);五十年一遇降水量导致的洪水淹没的极高风险区分布在泾河干流、千河下游、渭河干流宝鸡段、沣河、石川河下游、北洛河下游及渭河下游南山支流流域,其面积为115.95 km^(2);百年一遇降水量导致的洪水淹没的极高风险区集中分布在渭河干流宝鸡段、沣河、泾河干流、石川河、北洛河下游和渭河下游南山支流流域,其面积为183.27 km^(2)。

Based on the hydrological and meteorological observation data of Shaanxi section of Wei River basin from 2002 to 2018, the surface rainfall of the once-in-a-decade, once-in-50-year and once-in-100-year precipitation that induced the flood in Shaanxi section of Wei River basin was calculated. The hydrodynamics method and distribution function were adopted, and the basic geographic information data were used. The flood submergence depth, range and area of Shaanxi section of Wei River basin during flood recurrence periods of once-in-a-decade, once-in-50-year and once-in-100-year were fitted with geographic information system technology. The results showed that the highest risk areas(the flood inundation depth is more than 2 meters) of the flood inundation resulted from once-in-a-decade precipitation distributed in the basins of the lower Baoji section of main stream of Wei River, Feng River, Jing River, the lower Shichuan River, and Nanshan tributary of the lower Wei River, and the area of the highest risk areas of the flood inundation was42.92 km^(2);the one resulted from once-in-50-year precipitation distributed in the basins of main stream of Jing River, the lower Qian River, Baoji section of main stream of Wei River, Feng River, the lower Shichuan River,the lower of Beiluo River, and Nanshan tributary of the lower Wei River, and their area was 115.95 km^(2);the one induced from once-in-100-year precipitation distributed in the basins of Baoji section of main stream of Wei River, Feng River, main stream of Jing River, Shichuan River, the lower of Beiluo River, and Nanshan tributary of the lower Wei River, and their area was 183.27 km^(2).