浙江玉环漩门湾国家湿地公园鸟类多样性研究

Bird Diversity of Xuanmen Bay National Wetland Park, Yuhuan, Zhejiang

浙江省玉环市漩门湾国家湿地公园是东亚-澳大利西亚迁徙路线上候鸟的关键中转站和越冬地。为了掌握该湿地公园的鸟类状况,搜集、整理了该湿地公园的鸟类调查记录、鸟类实时监测系统的影像资料和观鸟爱好者的观鸟记录等信息,研究结果表明,在该湿地公园共记录鸟类19目55科124属203种,其中,有水鸟97种,有海鸟14种。在203种鸟类中,有8种国家一级重点保护鸟类,分别为小青脚鹬(Tringa guttifer)、黑嘴鸥(Saundersilarus saundersi)、黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)、黄嘴白鹭(Egretta eulophotes)、卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanus crispus)和白尾海雕(Haliaeetus albicilla);有39种国家二级重点保护鸟类;有《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅰ收录鸟类5种,有附录Ⅱ收录鸟类23种;有5种鸟类为《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》中的濒危物种;有4种鸟类为《中国脊椎动物红色名录》中的濒危物种。鸟类属、科物种多样性指数和G-F指数分别为4.630、25.817和0.821。在漩门湾国家湿地公园的203种鸟类中,古北种鸟类物种数所占比例(56.16%)明显高于东洋种(19.21%);繁殖鸟东洋种物种数所占比例(39.36%)明显高于古北种(9.57%);候鸟物种数(137种)明显高于留鸟物种数(65种)。漩门湾国家湿地公园虽然面积仅为31.48 km^(2),但是却承载着众多鸟类(特别是水鸟)在此栖息、停歇、越冬和繁殖,因此,加强对该湿地公园的保护,对保护鸟类具有非常重要的意义。

The Xuanmen Bay National Wetland Park in Yuhuan city of Zhejiang province is an important area for migratory birds to stopover and overwinter in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. In order to grasp the status of bird resources in this region, the records of bird observations from bird diversity surveys, imaging data of bird real-time monitoring system, birdwatchers and so on were used in this study. Based on this compilation, a list of 203 bird species composed of 19 orders, 55 families and 124 genera(including 97 species of waterbird and 14 species of seabird) of the wetland park was made. There are 8 species(Tringa guttifer, Saundersilarus saundersi,Ciconia nigra, Ciconia boyciana, Platalea minor, Egretta eulophotes, Pelecanus crispus and Haliaeetus albicilla) under first-grade state protection and 39 species are under second-grade state protection. The 5 species and 23 species are regulated by CITES Appendix I and CITES Appendix II respectively. In addition, 5 species and 4 species are listed in the IUCN Red List and Red List of China’s Vertebrates as endangered,respectively. The genus index, family index and G-F index of birds in the wetland park were 4.630, 25.817 and 0.821 respectively. Among the 203 bird species in the wetland park, the proportion of Palaearctic species(56.16%) was significantly higher than those of Oriental species(19.21%). Nevertheless, the proportion of Oriental species(39.36%) was obviously higher than those of Palaearctic species(9.57%) among breeding birds. The number of migratory bird species(137 species) was much higher than that of resident birds(65 species). Although the size of Xuanmen Bay National Wetland Park is only 31.48 km^(2), it supports a large number of birds(especially waterbirds) to inhabit, rest, overwinter or breed here. Therefore, strengthening the protection of the wetland park is of great significance to the protection of birds.