中国湿地保护状况和未来湿地保护的目标和重点

Protection Status and Future Protection Objectives of the Wetlands in China

湿地保护对于维持国土生态安全和社会经济可持续发展意义重大。运用湿地保护率和点密度分析法,评价中国湿地保护现状,识别湿地保护空白区与关键区,提出未来湿地保护目标与重点。研究结果表明,2015年,中国的湿地保护率为44.68%,湿地保护和管理方式以自然保护区为主,各类湿地、各湿地分区、各一级流域、各省级行政区、各地理区的湿地保护率差异较大,中国重点保护湿地的面积为2656.46×10^(4)hm^(2),重点保护湿地面积占湿地总面积的52.29%,重点保护湿地的保护率为74.15%;未被保护湿地主要包括辽宁省至广西壮族自治区的海岸带、松花江流域西北部片区、青海省中部地区、四川省北部地区和长江中下游地区等;湿地保护关键区主要包括青海省和西藏自治区组成的西部片区、东部海岸带、长江中下游地区、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区组成的东北部片区,未来湿地保护一级关键区包括东部和南部海岸带、长江下游流域干流和湖泊、松花江流域、新疆维吾尔自治区北部湖泊和水库、四川省北部地区、江苏省西部地区;未来15 a,需要分省推进湿地保护工作。

The protection of the wetlands is of great significance to the maintenance of China’s land ecological security and social and economic sustainable development.Based on the detailed analysis of the current situation of wetland protection in China,the blank areas and key areas of wetland protection in China were further identified in this paper,and the future protection targets and key points were put forward.The results showed that by the end of 2015,wetland protection ratio in China was 44.68%,which was low,wetland protection and management ways were nature reserve mainly,and the protection rates of various types of wetlands,different regions,basins and provinces varied greatly;the area of key protected wetlands in China was 26564600 ha,accounting for 52.29%of the total area of all the wetlands,and protection rate of key protected wetlands was 74.15%,with different levels of protection in different provinces.The spatial distribution of unprotected wetlands in China was wide,including the coastal zone from the south of Liaoning province to the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,the area in the northwest of Songhua River basin,the area in the southwest of Northwest Pearl River basin and adjacent areas in the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin,and the area in the southeast of Huai River basin and the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The primary and secondary key areas for wetland protection in China were the southwest,northwest and northeast of the Northwest Pearl River basin,northwest and northeast of the Yangtze River basin,north of the Songhua River basin,west of the Yellow River basin,and coastal zones from the south of the Liao River basin to the Pearl River basin.Key areas of wetland protection for the future in China were the eastern and southern coastal zones,the lower Yangtze River trunk stream and the main lakes,the Songhua River basin and lakes and reservoirs in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region,the northern part of Sichuan province,and the western part of Jiangsu province.Wetland protection work needs to be promoted by province in the next 15 years.The research results could provide support for the guidance of wetland protection and the promotion of wetland protection informatization in China.