莫莫格湿地恢复区的植物群落物种多样性研究

Species Biodiversity of Plant Communities in Restored Area in Momoge Wetlands

植物群落多样性水平能够指示退化湿地修复的效果。在莫莫格国家级自然保护区综合恢复示范区,采用调查样线与样方相结合的调查方法,开展植物群落野外调查,比较了退化湿地修复前、后植物群落物种组成的差异,探讨了恢复水文条件和地貌修复对植物群落物种多样性的影响。研究结果表明,在综合恢复示范区内,共记录12科22属38种植物,其中,一年生和多年生植物都为19种,禾本科(Gramineae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)和蓼科(Polygonaceae)物种数量之和占记录的总物种数量的60.53%;芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落和辽宁碱蓬(Suaeda liaotungensis)群落是该区的优势植物群落,植物群落中的优势种多为耐盐碱类植物;从调查样带1至调查样带4,即由陆地向湖泊方向,植物群落的物种丰富度、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数都在不断增大;水文-植被-微地貌系统修复模式可以作为松嫩平原西部退化盐碱湿地修复的优选模式。

The level of plant community diversity could indicate the success or otherwise of restoration of degraded wetlands. In the comprehensive restoration demonstration area of Momoge National Nature Reserve, a field investigation was carried out using a combination of survey lines and sample plots, and differences of species compositions of plant communities in a degraded wetland before and after restoration were compared. The effects of restored hydrological conditions and geomorphological restoration on species diversity of plant communities were discussed. A total of 38 species belonging to 22 genera and 12 families were recorded in the the comprehensive restoration demonstration area, of which 19 kinds of species were annual plants and 19 kinds of species were perennial plants. And number of species belonging to Gramineae,Chenopodiaceae and Ploygonaceae accounted for 60.53% of the total number of species. Phragmites australis community and Suaeda liaotungensis community were the dominant plant communities in the area, and most of the dominant species were salt-tolerant plants. From survey belt 1 to belt 4(from land to lake direction), the species richness, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index of plant communities were increased. The hydrology-vegetation-microgeomorphology restoration model could be used as the optimal model for restoration of degraded saline-alkali wetlands in the west of Songnen Plain.