拉亚蒙对瓦斯的亚瑟王叙事之改写与英格兰性

Layamon’s Rewriting of Wace’s Arthurian Narrative and Its Englishness

杰弗里的《不列颠君王史》、瓦斯的《布鲁特传奇》和拉亚蒙的《布鲁特》,特别是它们的亚瑟王部分,代表中世纪盛期英国不列顿、盎格鲁-诺曼和盎格鲁-萨克逊三个主要文化传统并反映出当时英国复杂的社会、政治和文化生态。拉亚蒙使用英格兰普通民众的语言、盎格鲁-萨克逊文化传统和古英语头韵体史诗风格改写瓦斯代表盎格鲁-诺曼王朝的政治利益和主流宫廷文化的盎格鲁-诺曼语诗作,并且同杰弗里的拉丁编年史互文,将亚瑟王塑造成英格兰英雄和君主,其明显的英格兰性表达出英格兰人的民族立场和文化传承,也预示着英国文化未来的建构与发展。

Geoffrey’s Historia regum Britanniae,Wace’Le Roman de Brut,and Layamon’s Brut,especially their Arthurian sections,represent the three major cultural traditions,Briton,Anglo-Norman,and Anglo-Saxon,and reflect the complex social,political,and cultural environment in England in the High Middle Ages.Layamon uses the language of the common English people,Anglo-Saxon tradition,and the Old English alliterative epic style to rewrite Wace’s work,which represents the political interests and the mainstream court culture of the Anglo-Norman dynasty.In his rewriting of Wace’s Anglo-Norman poem and his intertextuality with Geoffrey’s Latin chronicle,Layamon portrays King Arthur as an English hero and monarch.Brut’s striking Englishness not only expresses the ethnic attitude and cultural heritage of the English,but also forebodes the future construction and development of English national culture.